ArrayA data structure consisting of a group of consecutive memory locations that store related data items of the same type under a single name. For example, int ar[5]; defines an array that holds five integer values.
Subscript / IndexThe position number enclosed in square brackets used to access a specific element within an array. For instance, in ar[1], the number 1 is the subscript representing the second element.
Contiguous MemoryA memory allocation layout where elements are stored sequentially right next to each other in RAM. Arrays use contiguous memory locations to ensure efficient data access.
Array DefinitionThe declaration process where a programmer specifies the data type, array name, and number of elements. Syntax requires the format arType arName[numberOfElements].
Array InitializationThe process of assigning initial values to array elements at the time of declaration using curly braces. For example, int ar[3]={-2, 0, 45}; initializes a three-element array.
Call-by-ReferenceThe mechanism by which arrays are inherently passed to functions in C, where the array name evaluates to the memory address of the first element rather than copying all data.
Bubble SortA fundamental sorting algorithm that makes multiple passes over an array, comparing successive pairs of elements and swapping them if they are out of order.
Multiple Subscripted ArrayAn array with two or more subscripts that represents tabular data structures like matrices with rows and columns, such as int ar[3][2].
Syntax ErrorA compilation error that occurs when code violates the grammatical rules of the C language, such as providing more initializers than the declared array size.
Pass-by-ValueThe mechanism used when passing individual array elements (e.g., ar[1]) to functions, where a copy of the element's value is passed rather than its memory reference.
