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Business Information Systems

Ünite 5: Marketing Information Systems

Origin of MKIS
The term Marketing Information Systems (MKIS) originated in the 1960s. It was created to apply early data processing technologies to marketing-specific decisions, drawing heavily from the development of Management Information Systems (MIS).
Kotler's Definition of MKIS
Philip Kotler, acknowledged as the father of modern marketing, published a definitive description of MKIS in 2003. He defined it as a structure of people, equipment, and procedures to manage timely and accurate information for decision makers.
The 2016 US Election Controversy
During the 2016 United States presidential election, the widespread dissemination of 'fake news' and 'generated data' highlighted the critical need for information literacy among managers to evaluate data sources.
Procter & Gamble's Global MKIS
Procter & Gamble (P&G) utilizes an exclusive, proprietary Marketing Information System. This system allows P&G managers to search and analyze global data to predict which products will perform best in different countries.

Anahtar Kavramlar

Marketing Information Systems (MKIS)A structured system consisting of people, equipment, and procedures designed to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers continuously.
Marketing Research (MR)The systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific, unique marketing situation facing a company, characterized by a project-specific and past/present time orientation.
Recurrent InformationInformation provided to marketing managers on a periodic, scheduled basis (weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually) through regular reports, such as market shares or customer complaint rates.
Monitoring InformationInformation derived from the regular, continuous scanning of external sources to track broad market trends, lifestyle changes, and competitor activities.
Requested InformationInformation developed in response to a specific, ad-hoc request by a marketing manager, which would not otherwise flow through or exist within the company's system.
Applied Marketing ResearchResearch aimed at solving a specific, pragmatic, and immediate problem faced by a company, such as evaluating why a specific product's sales are declining.
Basic Market ResearchResearch conducted to expand the boundaries of knowledge, validate theories, or test hypotheses about a concept or phenomenon without aiming to solve a specific, immediate problem.
Information LiteracyA set of skills that enables managers to seek, evaluate, and use information effectively, which is crucial for distinguishing accurate data from fake news or generated data.
Big DataMassive, complex data files obtained from both structured and unstructured databases, characterized by high volume, velocity, and variety, requiring advanced technologies for storage and analysis.
Marketing Decisions Support System (MDSS)An interactive system consisting of computers, communication networks, and databases that allows decision makers to connect directly to data to retrieve and analyze information.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)A systematic process to manage customer relationship initiation, maintenance, and termination across all customer contact points in order to maximize the value of the relationship.
Geospatial DataData that describes objects, events, or customers with relation to geographic space, often using location coordinates in a spatial referencing system to enable hyper-localized marketing.
Traffic CountersDevices used to measure vehicular or pedestrian flow over a specific stretch of road or store area, helping retailers decide where to place stores or billboards.
Market SegmentA group of customers within a larger market who share a similar set of needs, wants, and characteristics, making them responsive to a specific marketing mix.

Diğer Önemli Bilgiler

The English Cake Mix Failure

A US firm launched a cake mix in England that required adding an egg, assuming British housewives wanted to feel involved. The product failed because the British preferred tough, spongy cakes for afternoon tea, proving that US-based research could not be directly applied without local market research.

Nielsen's Market Research Dominance

In 2016, Nielsen, founded in 1923, was the world's top marketing research company. It generated a massive worldwide research revenue of $6,309.0 million and employed 9,646 full-time employees from its US headquarters.

Walmart's Hourly Data Collection

According to industry estimates, the American supermarket chain Walmart collects approximately 2.5 petabytes (equivalent to 2,500,000 gigabytes) of transaction, location, and customer behavior data every single hour.

The 20 Billion Connected Devices Forecast

Technological projections indicate that the 'Internet of Things' (IoT) will soon connect over 20 billion devices worldwide, creating an unprecedented volume of continuous external data for companies to integrate into their MKIS.

Mercedes-Benz's Tweet Fleets

In 2013, German consumers discovered that Mercedes-Benz cars equipped with 'Active Parking Assist' could automatically tweet spotted empty parking spaces with geo-tags to assist other drivers in finding parking spots.

Survey Refusal Rates in the US

In 2013, the refusal rate for telephone surveys in the United States reached over 60 percent. Furthermore, 49 percent of those who did participate stated that they found the survey questions to be too personal, highlighting respondent abuse.

Sınavda Dikkat Et

  • Do not confuse MKIS with Marketing Research (MR). Remember that MKIS is a continuous, future-oriented system, while MR is a project-specific, past/present-oriented activity.
  • Memorize Philip Kotler's definition of MKIS. Exams often ask about its key components: people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute data.
  • Understand the hierarchy of data transformation: Data (raw facts) -> Information (what/where/when) -> Knowledge (how/why) -> Insight (deep understanding). This is a highly testable sequence.
  • Pay close attention to the three types of information: Recurrent (periodic), Monitoring (scanning), and Requested (ad-hoc). Be ready to identify examples of each.
  • Remember that defining the problem is the first and most critical step of the marketing research process. Any error here ruins the entire research flow.
  • Be aware of the ethical concerns of MKIS: consumer privacy intrusions (tracking), respondent abuse (long surveys), and misuse of findings (stretching research claims).