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Ünite 7: Production Information Systems — Kavram Eşleştirme

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Önce bir kavram seç, sonra karşılığı olan tanıma dokun.

Kavramlar

Tanımlar

Yukarıdan bir kavram seç.

Production — The transformation of tangible and intangible inputs, such as raw materials, labor, and knowledge, into finished goods or services like cars or banking services.

System — A collection of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements organized for a common purpose, operating as an open system that relies on external inputs and feedback.

Manufacturing System — A production system specifically designed to produce tangible goods that can be touched or held, such as truck factories, cement plants, and furniture facilities.

Service System — A production system designed to produce intangible products that satisfy customer needs, such as hospital, hotel, and transportation services.

Manufacturing Information System — An information system that supports the production function, including all activities concerned with planning, monitoring, and controlling inventories, purchases, and process flows.

Hard Technology — The physical equipment, hardware, and devices used to perform tasks in the creation and delivery of goods, such as computers, sensors, microprocessors, and robots.

Soft Technology — The application of software, databases, the Internet, and information systems to provide data, analysis, and coordination, such as database systems and AI programs.

Integrated Operating System (IOS) — An operating system that integrates essential processes across the value chain, focusing on industry-specific problems and enabling real-time, synchronous decision-making.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) — A cross-functional enterprise system that integrates and automates internal business processes across manufacturing, logistics, finance, accounting, and human resources.

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) — An inventory management system designed to calculate, schedule, and place orders for dependent demand items like raw materials and component parts.

Dependent Demand — Inventory items, such as tires or seats in a car factory, whose demand levels are directly derived from the production plan of the final finished product.

Closed Loop MRP (MRP-CL) — An advanced MRP system that incorporates information feedback from completed manufacturing and available materials to continuously adjust and synchronize production plans.

Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) — An integrated system that plans all resources of a manufacturing company, incorporating sales and operations planning, financial interfaces, and simulation capabilities.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) — The management of activities across the supply chain—from product development and sourcing to logistics—to maximize customer value and achieve competitive advantage.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) — The computer-to-computer exchange of business transaction documents, such as purchase orders and invoices, over the Internet using standard electronic formats.

Bullwhip Effect — The distortion and amplification of product demand information as it passes upstream from retailers to distributors, manufacturers, and suppliers across the supply chain.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) — A management tool that captures and integrates customer data from across the organization to analyze behaviors, build long-term loyalty, and maximize profitability.

Cross-selling — The marketing practice of selling complementary or related products to an existing customer based on their previous purchase history.

Up-selling — The marketing practice of recommending and selling higher-value, premium products or services to a customer instead of a lower-priced alternative.

Bundling — A form of cross-selling where a company packages a group of related products or services together and sells them at a lower combined price than if purchased individually.

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) — A computer-controlled system of automated machines and material handling devices that can rapidly shift from making one product to another with minimal setup time.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) — The total integration of product design, process design, and manufacturing execution through a shared database and computer-controlled automation systems.

e-Manufacturing — A system methodology that uses Internet, wireless, and predictive technologies to integrate manufacturing operations with SCM, ERP, and CRM systems.

Industry 4.0 — The fourth industrial revolution characterized by Cyber-Physical Systems, where digital technologies, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence are married with industrial operations.