Ünite 1: The History and Scope of Psychology — Veri Tablosu

Early and Major Approaches in Psychology

Approach	Key Figures	Core Focus	Methodology / Main Idea
Structuralism	Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener	Structures of consciousness	Introspection to break down mental elements
Functionalism	William James, Stanley Hall	Functions and adaptation of the mind	How mental processes help organisms survive
Psychoanalysis	Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung	Unconscious processes and childhood conflicts	Psychotherapy and free-association
Behaviorism	John Watson, B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov	Observable and measurable behavior	Rejects mind; focuses on conditioning and environment
Gestalt Psychology	Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler	Holistic perception and patterns	The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Humanistic Perspective	Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers	Free will and self-actualization	Emphasizes personal growth and inherent goodness
Cognitive Perspective	Jean Piaget, Ulric Neisser	Internal mental processes	How the mind processes, stores, and retrieves info