Classical LiberalismAn early international relations perspective rooted in thinkers like Hume and Smith, emphasizing that commerce and economic ties can reduce the causes of war. For example, classical liberals argued that expanding commercial interactions fosters peaceful relations among nations.
Kantian CosmopolitanismA philosophical standpoint within liberal internationalism that prioritizes global universal values and human rights over strict state borders. It envisions a radical transformation of the Westphalian system toward a broader world community.
Absolute GainsThe liberal economic and political philosophy focusing on total improvements in welfare for all participating actors through cooperation. Unlike relative gains, the stag hunt fable illustrates how states can collaborate to maximize mutual benefits.
Stag Hunt AnalogyA conceptual fable used by Rousseau and analyzed in game theory to explain how actors can overcome anarchy through collaboration. It demonstrates that states can coordinate their actions to achieve mutual absolute gains rather than pursuing isolated short-term interests.
Westphalian State SovereigntyThe traditional international legal order upholding the supreme authority of states within their defined territorial borders. Liberal internationalism often challenges this model by introducing transnational and cosmopolitan governance structures.
Neoliberal InstitutionalismA modern theoretical framework emphasizing the role of international institutions, regimes, and rules in facilitating state cooperation. It argues that formal organizations help mitigate anarchy and sustain absolute gains.
Economic InterdependenceA condition where nations rely heavily on one another for economic trade, resources, and growth. Liberal theorists argue that high levels of interdependence increase the cost of conflict and promote stability.
Public Opinion in Foreign PolicyThe influence of domestic citizenry on a government's international relations decisions. Classical liberals like Hume and Smith observed that public opinion historically had limited impact on foreign policy making processes.
European IntegrationA historical regional project originating during the Cold War that combined political motives with economic cooperation. It serves as a complex case study for testing liberal ideas about trade, peace, and institutional design.
Transnational CompetenceThe ability of actors, organizations, and individuals to navigate and manage issues that cross national borders effectively. It reflects the growing complexity of international relations beyond traditional state diplomacy.
